Da li ste znali da je grad Oslo u Norveškoj postao uvoznik smeća? Za jedan evropski grad ovo je prosto nezamisliva pojava. Annie Leonard nam je u Priči o stvarima govorila kako razvijen svet proizvodi tolike tone smeća da je počeo da izvozi taj materijal u nerazvijene zemlje – kako je onda moguće da jedan grad u razvijenoj zemlji postane uvoznik smeća?
Brian Cliff Olguin za “The New York Times”
Pročitajte više na: http://odrzivirazvoj.org/2013/05/02/evropski-grad-uvozi-smece/
The environmental taxation is one of the most important economic areas as it brings about important revenues to the government. There is a problem though that in many countries, the environmental taxation is still regressive, that is the low income househo lds have to pay a larger amount of money then the high income households.
This article focuses on environmental taxation, especially in transport and energy’s domains, pointing out the way that fiscal policy affects their regressivity or progressivity. It seems that in developed countries the environmental taxation is progressive, while in underdeveloped countries and emergency ones, the environmental taxation is regressive.
Agriculture is the production field, which depends on the condition of the natural environment because it uses the natural processes of growth and reproduction of living organisms. The agriculture itself also affects the environment. The effects of this interaction, both positive and negative, are additionally shaped by the social, political, economic, technical and technological surroundings.
The factors determining the agriculture’s impact on a macro scale on the environment may, however, by brought down and subordinated to the main constituents, namely: the size of human population, demand for agricultural raw materials, the applied production technology (classical IPAT equation) and agro-climatic conditions.
Author: Adam Kagan
Autor ovoga rada, Nebojša Radivojević, detaljno obrazlaže prednosti upotrebe klasičnih sijalica i nedostatke štedljivih sijalica.
“Povodom aktuelnog povlačenja klasičnih sijalica (inkandescentnih, tip „A“) sa tržišta zemalja Evropske unije, autor ovog rada osvrnuo se na javnosti manje poznate činjenice vezane za kompakt-fluorescentne sijalice, najčešće pominjane i predlagane za zamenu klasičnih sijalica sa užarenim vlaknom.
Pod pojmom “kompaktna fluorescentna sijalica” (ili “kompakt-fluo sijalica”) podrazumevaće se “štedljiva” fluorescentna sijalica sa integrisanim predspojnim uređajem i standardnim podnoškom E27 (ili E14), predviđena za zamenu klasičnih sijalica sa užarenim vlaknom široko korišćenih u domaćinstvima, restoranima i hotelima.
Bazične činjenice:
Pročitajte više: http://www.fluxlight.rs/doc/CFL_stedljive_sijalice_DOS2009.pdf
Usled globalnog povećanja protoka robe i potrebe da se u što većoj meri zaštitite potrošači prehrambenih proizvoda, intenzivno se istražuju nova tehnološka rešenja pakovanja, koja će zadovoljiti sve strožije zahteve kupaca.
Kvalitetno pakovanje mora da obezbedi proizvod od kvara pod uticajem vanjskih faktora, ali i interakcije hrane s ambalažnim materijalom.
Danas su rezulatati istraživanja doprineli pojavi biorazgradivih ambalažnih materijala, koji su proizvedeni iz obnovljivih izvora sirovina. Biorazgradiva ambalaža lako se razgrađuje pod uticajem faktora životne sredine; ona mora podneti fizičko, hemijsko, termičko ili biološko razlaganje s tim da se najveći deo razlaže na ugljendioksid, biomasu i vodu.
Najnoviji trendovi pakovanja podrazumevaju primenu jestivih biopolimernih ambalažnih materijala. Jestiva ambalaža su tanki slojevi biopolimera, koji se primenjuju za prekrivanje, pakovanje ili umotavanje prehrambenih proizvoda. 
Jestiva ambalaža se sastoji od različitih mešavina mlečnog seruma, proteina, skroba i aditiva. To su, uglavnom:
Tim naučnika iz Francuske, koji predvodi Dejvid Edvards, razvio je jestivu ambalažu , koja će uticati na smanjenje količine plastičnog i drugog otpada, koji zagađuje našu Zemlju. Oni su već proizveli pakovanje za sladoled, čašu za jogurt, i „omot“ za sok.
Jestivu šolju za kafu dizajnirao je i napravio dizajner iz Venecuele, Enrique Luis Sardi. Spoljašnjost šolje je kolač, a unutrašnjost je od patentiranog šlaga, koji je i zaštita i zaslađivač.
Brazilski lanac brze hrane „Bob“s“ upotrebljava jestivu ambalažu za pakovanje sendviča i hamburgera. Na taj način smanjuju količinu otpadaka.
„U Belgiji je život u studentskim domovima na kakve smo navikli završen. Nedavno je predstavljen novi sistem studentskog stanovanja pod nazivom Hub 01. Ovaj sistem se bazira na tri načela: mobilnost, privatnost studentskog života i ekološki dizajn.
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Arhitektonska firma DmvA iz Belgije osmislila je je novi sistem studentskog stanovanja po kome bi svako imao svoju privatnu stambenu jedinicu, a u središnjem dijelu bi se nalazile zajedničke prostorije kao što su kuhinja, dnevni boravak i kupatilo.“
Pročitajte više na: http://nijeproblem.me/2013/01/26/ekoloski-studentski-dom-u-belgiji/
U Srbiji je regidtrovano više od 130 proizvođača plastičnih kesa.
Za proizvodnju plastičnih kesa za višekratnu upotrebu dodeljuju se podsticajna sredstva, i to za:
Na podsticajna sredstva imaju pravo samo proizvođači plastičnih kesa za višekratnu upotrebu, a ne i uvoznik. Podsticajna sredstva se dodeljuju na osnovu javnog konkursa, koji raspisuje Fond za zaštitu životne sredine Republike Srbije.
U cilju uspostavljanja održivog sistema kontrolisanog upravljanja plastičnim kesama, primenjeni su određeni ekonomski instrumenti, naknada, i to za proizvodnju plastičnih kesa:
– sa aditivima koji obezbeđuju oksidacionu razgradnju i biorazgradnju, na ime naknade za zagađivanje životne sredine, proizvođač ili uvoznik plaća 1.000 RSD po toni plastičnih kesa stavljenih na tržište Republike Srbije;
– bez aditiva koji obezbeđuju oksidacionu razgradnju i biorazgradnju, na ime naknade za zagađivanje životne sredine, proizvođač ili uvoznik plaća 20.000 RSD po toni plastičnih kesa stavljenih na tržište Republike Srbije.
Na početku funkcionisanja sistema upravljanja plastičnim kesama, težište treba da bude na plastičnim kesama, koje su najčešće u upotrebi (marketi, pijace i sl).
Plastične kese nalazimo na svakom koraku, po zelenim površinama, drveću, ulicama…..Predstavljaju jednu od pošasti današnjeg doba. Jasno je da se proizvode i koriste nekontrolisano, a kada dospeju u životnu sredinu, treba im više stotina godina da se razgrade.
U cilju uspostavljanja kontrolisanog sistema upravljanja plastičnim kesama, pored Pravilnika o tehničkim i drugim zahtevima za plastične kese sa aditivom za oksidacionu razgradnju i biorazgradnju, o ocenjivanju usaglašenosti i uslovima koje mora da ispuni imenovano telo, primenjuju se i odredbe Zakon o ambalaži i ambalažnom otpadu i nekoliko podzakonskih akata.
Uslovi za stavljanje plastičnih kesa na tržište
Plastične kese, koje se plasiraju na tržište, moraju da ispunjavaju specifične zahteve i to u skladu sa Zakonom i podzakonskim aktima. Treba da:
Global trend in man’s consciousness is returning of natural balance which is perturbated by global pollution. Ecological way of thinking and local acting concerning that theme should prevail, including also economic effects of human activities. The concept of sustainable development is of great significance in quality attaining and sustentation of all conditions necessary for re-attaining of natural balance. Ecological way of consciousnes has to be a priority, while natural balance do not rebalance. Concerning global acting, legislative regulations which by environment protection field is regulated, should be generally adjusted. Serbia intensively works on its legislative regulations adjustment to those adapted in EU.
Stockholm Convention allude to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), which are big threat to live organisms when they come into environment. These kinds of chemicals are heterogenous, could be a combustion product and originate during different industrial production processes. They represent great dangeour while their accumulation affection in organism and are soluble in fats; some of them can induce deseases similar to cancer, if they come into organism. In Serbian public is unsufficient knowledge about this kind of pollution, so such and similar education is necessary. Organization of National Implementing Plan is big step ahead, which takes over the activities on Stockholm Convetion’s ratification.
Autors: Nada Mijajlović, Mirjana Savić, M. Jeločnik
The education for environmental protection, in addition to timely and credible information, legislation and environmental eligible investments, rises as an important task, since it most directly affects the creation of environmental awareness and ecological behavior. The second pillar of the Danube Strategy – Protecting the environment in the Danube Region -focuses on the region’s environment, closely monitoring the progress made in environment-related projects and activities. Cleaner production requires changes in behavior, responsible environmental management, development and implementation of appropriate policies and constant evaluation of different technology options.
Today’s civilization was developed on the paradigm of continuous material growth and achievement of the unscrupulous use of natural resources. On the one hand, industrialization enables the improvement of the living standards of a large number of people on Earth, but on the other hand has a negative impact on the environment and human health. The
related to a different approach to the environment. In essence, the ecological crisis is an inseparable part of the great civilization events. First of all, a deep crisis of a mode of production, consumption patterns and economic growth, with a loss of basic human values. Such life took a man out of balance with nature, of which he is only a part, and it can be
recovered only with basic socio-cultural alternatives in the way of production and consumption.
In a time of global environmental crisis, the education for environmental protection, in addition to timely and credible information, legislation and environmental eligible investments, raises as an important task, since it most directly affects the creation of environmental awareness and ecological behavior.
Thanks to the UN and other international organizations and research interests of theoreticians who have addressed the problems in this field from their point of view of their scientific and theoretical orientations, this debate experiences the culmination, and the education in this field a specific development and qualitative affirmation. Seriousness of
environmental problems, the need for environmental protection and management of environmental risks represent an impetus for a focus of social development (“sustainable development”) and the related different conception of educational policy in the way of the formation and development of “sustainable society”.
Companies that implement cleaner production should gain an economic advantage by reducing labor costs, reduced waste treatment, reducing disposal costs, reduce environmental pollution and so on. Investing in cleaner production has a long term impact on better economic results of enterprises and reduces costs in relation to the implementation of solutions for the treatment of the already existing waste. When it comes to ecology it has been shown that the media have
an individual and social significance. They affect both the development of environmental awareness and ecological culture of the individual and the raise of environmental awareness and the culture of the whole society.
Autors: D. Jovanović1, S. Andžić
agroekonomija 