FLAVANOLI

Flavanoli su polifenona jedinjenja, koja se ne nalaze u glikozidnoj formi, nego  u monomernoj (katehini) i polimernoj   formi   (proantocijanidini).

Istraživanja brojnih autora su pokazala da flavanoli i procianidini iz čokolade ili kakao pozitivno deluju na smanjenje ćelija tumora kod životinja (Yamagishi i sar., 2002; Yamagishi i sar., 2003), na saniranje upala (Sies i sar., 2005),  na stabilnost crvenih krvnih zrnaca (Zhu i sar., 2005), na lečenje želuca i jetre oštećene  alkoholom (McKim i sar., 2002; Osakabe i sar., 1998),  te katarakte izazvane dijabetesom (Deprez i sar., 2001; Scalbert i sar., 2000). Rezultati ovih istraživanja daju podršku konceptu da zdravstveni efekti flavanola prevazilaze kardiovaskularni sistem.

Jedan   od   jakih   bioaktivnih   oblika katehina je epigalokatehin galat, koji čini 32% antioksidativnog potencijala zelenog čaja. Epikatehini iz zelenog čaja su veoma stabilni  na visokim temperaturama; samo 15% ih se razlaže tokom sedam sati kuvanja  na pH 5.

Literatura

1. Yamagishi M, et al. Effects of cacao liquor proanthocyanidins on PhIP-induced mutagenesis in vitro, and in vivo mammary and pancreatic tumorigenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Cancer Lett 2002;185:123-30.
2. Yamagishi M, et al. Chemoprevention of lung carcinogenesis by cacao liquor proanthocyanidins in a male rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model. Cancer Lett 2003;191: p. 49-57.
3. McKim SE, et al. Cocoa extract protects against early alcohol-induced liver injury in the rat. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002;406:40-6.
4. Osakabe N, et al. Effects of polyphenol substances derived from Theobroma cacao on gastric mucosal lesion induced by ethanol. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1998;62:1535-8.
5. Sies, H., et al. Cocoa polyphenols and inflammatory mediators. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81:(1 Suppl): 304S-312S.
6. Zhu QY, et al. Influence of cocoa flavanols and procyanidins on free radical-induced human erythrocyte hemolysis. Clin Dev Immunol 2005;12:27-34.
7. Deprez S, et al. Transport of proanthocyanidin dimer, trimer, and polymer across monolayers of human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2001;36:957-67.
8. Scalbert A, et al. Proanthocyanidins and human health: systemic effects and local effects in the gut. Biofactors 2000;13:115-20.

 Autor: MPG71